Nobman b



March 20, 1928. 1,663,314

N. B. MILLER PACKING Filed Anal. 25. 1923 IN VEN TOR Patented Mar. 20, 1928.

UNITED STATES NORMAN B. MILLERyOF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PACKING.

Application filednugust 25, 1923.

This invention relates to improvements in packings and particularly to an improvement in a packing designed for use upon piston rods, plungers,pistons, etc.

An object of the invention is to provide a packing which may be easily and cheaply manufactured, which will be durable, and which will be more uniformly eflicient than packings heretofore used.

A further and more detailed object is to provide a packing of such construction that when in use certain integral portions thereof will tend to move, under thepressure of steam or the like, into tighter engagement with the shaft or piston, while other portions will serve to facilitate in a peculiar, though efficient, manner, such movement, the latter parts also serving to facilitate ex pansion of the packing under theeffects of moistureand the like, and further, to pro vide an integral portion of the packing so disposed as to act as a buffer or cushion so as to increase the efliciency of operation of the above mentioned portions.

Other objects and aims of the invention, more or less specific than those referred to above, will be in part obvious and in part pointed out in the course of the following description of the elements, combinations, arrangements of parts and applications of principles, constituting the invention, and the scope of protection contemplated will be indicated in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings which are to be taken as a part of this specification, and in which I have shown merely a ,preferred form of embodiment of the invention:

Figure 1 is a transverse sectional view through a stufiingbox showing'the packing of this invention in :position of use therein,

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view, partly in perspective of a section of the packing constructed in accordance with this invention, and

Figure 3 is a viewsimilar to'that seen'in Fig. 2 but illustrating a modification 111 which the packing is provided with a suitable sleeveor cover.

Referring to the drawings for describing in detail the strueture which is illustrated therein the reference character L indicates an ordinary stufiingboxhavinga seat or recess 1 therein closed bytheusual gland G,

said seat or recess serving-t0 accommodate Serial No. 659,357.

thepacking which is indicated generally by the reference character H.

The shaft or piston rod 2 passes through this stufling box and the packing H fits closely thereto.

It will be understood that the stuffing box shown is intended merely as an illustration of one way of utilizing this packing and thatsaid box is not a part of the present invention.

The packing H is made from a strip of material constructed as in Fig. 2, and there may be as many sections or convolutions as 3, 4, and 5 of this strip within the box as may be required to fill the length of thebox.

The manner of constructing the strip, as seen in Fig. 2, forms the basis of this invention and said strip may be described as comprising an inner body 6 and an outer body 7, said bodies being joined together by suitable resilient cementitious material as indicated at 8.

The body 6 may be described in detail as being of laminated construction made up of alternate layers of relatively stifi' material 9 such as canvas or the like, and relatively resilient material 10, such as rubber or the like. The material 9 may be either a close woven or a loose Woven fabric. It may be either of wire, cotton, asbestos, or other suitable like material, or it may be even sheet metal, perforated or otherwise, while the material 10 may be any composition of rubber or the like though it is preferably of such consistency that it adheres firmly to the material 6 and binds the whole into a single heterogeneous mass.

A structure in which the material 9 consists of canvas, and the material 10 consists of'rubber vulcanized into and between the layers of-canvas, provides a very desirable and eflicient result.

As is clearly illustrateddn the drawings the layers or laminations comprising the body Gare given an angular disposition and that those lying between the two lines X and Y extend continuously "from the lower or friction side 11 of this body to the upper,

or cushion engaging side 12 of said body, while those lying outside of said lines X- and Y and completing the corner portion of the body 6 are of successively decreasing length outwardly to the corners as 13.

It is important to note, in this connection that the cross sectional width. ofthe bodyi6,

that is the distance between the outer walls or surfaces 14 and 15, will at all times determine the number of intermediate laminae occurring between the planes of the lines X and Y, whereas the number of corner forming laminae occurring outside the planes of said lines will be always the same for a given thickness of packing irrespective of the width of the packing.

The upper or outer body 7 may be described as being of laminated construction made up of alternated layers of relatively stiff material 16 and. re atively resilient material 17, the actual inaterials adapted for use in these lamination; being substantially the same as for the laminations of the inner body and being preferably canvas and rubher as in said inner body.

The outer body however dillers from the inner body essentially in that its laminations are arranged parallel with the inner and outer surfaces 11 and 12 of the inner body while the laminations of the inner body are arranged diagonally with respect to said surfaces. By this arrangement the outer body will comprise a cushion beyond the inner body and be effective for exert ing a continuous resilient pressure against the inner body.

In use, the packing constructed as described herein is arranged within the stuffing box as seen in Fig. 1, care being taken to so place the packing that the laminae of the inner body thereof converge inwardly toward the shaft and toward the inner end of the stalling box. Steam, or other pressure, attempting to pass outwardly through the stulting box, that is in the direction a.) indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, and endeavoring to pass between the packing and the shaft, and supplemented by the gland. pressure, will cause the converging laminae, and particularly the stitl elements, or layers 9 thereof between the lines X and Y to swing or bend downwardly toward the shaft so they will engage more firmly with the shaft and will consequently press with increasing force against the outer body or cushion 7. The resilient nature of the lamina": 10, and the somewhat resilient nature of the lamina) 9, readily permitting all necessary movements of the laminae with respect to each other.

The corner forming laminae, outside the lines X and Y due to the fact that they do not extend continuously between the inner and outer surfaces of the body 6 move as independent bodies and thereby greatly facilitate the proper functioning of the intermediate or continuous laminae. They constitute groups of broken sections of difiierent lengths capable of moving more freely relative to each other, and it will be apparent that in the length of the stufiing box there occurs alternate groups of broken and un broken laminae, the former being produced by the corner forming lamimn and the latter by the intermediate continuous laminae of the several sections. The groups of broken laminae will facilitate and cushion the relatively independent movement of the groups of continuous laminae.

During all of the movements of the groups of broken and unbroken laminae in the lower body the. same will be under the constant resilient pressure of the upper body, and yet it will be seen that the upper body by its reeilient nature will operate to accommodate the movements of the groups inthe inner body so that said movements will be rendered more pronounced and efficient by reason of the presence of said outer body. The adaptability of the outer body to facilitate and absorb the angular movements of the laminae of the inner body will at the same time continue to exert its own resilient pressure uniformly against the inner body is an important value inherent in the structure disclosed.

In the modification Fig. 3 the structure is identical with what has already been de scribec except that this modification proposes the addition of the woven or other suitable cover as 18 which is wrapped, woven or otherwise placed about the packing. lVhcre such a cover is used the two bodies 6 and 7 may or may not be cemented together, the cover in this instance being usually sufficient to hold the two bodies in proper assembly.

It should be mentioned that in any instance the tightening up of the gland G will result in relatively greater pressure of the continuous laminae of the inner body against the upper or outer body than of the broken laminae of the inner body, and that on this account the line extending through the be separating the inner and outer bodies of the several sections will assume a wavy appearance, the relatively raised portions being in the regions of the respective groups of continuous laminae, and the relatively depressed portions being in the regions of the intermediate groups of broken laminre. The outer bodies or cushions while accommodating and absorbing this movement of the several parts of the inner bodies will continue its function of exerting a substantially uniform pressure against the inner body throughout the length of the box.

As many changes could be made in this construction without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings, shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is ill) ill?

ill)

1. A packing adapted to be placed within a stuffing box encircling a shaft in the usual manner, said packing consisting of an elongated body presenting in cross section when within the stufling box an inner part disposed so as to engage directly against the shaft and an outer partradially beyond the inner part to engage directly against the annular Wall of the stuffing box, said two parts being connected together as an integral mass, the inner part extending the full Width of the body and being made up throughout of alternate layers of relatively stiff and relatively resilient material, said layers extending obliquely through said inner part, and the outer part also extending the full width of the body and being of a substantially uniformly resilient character throughout its Width'adapted to serve as a cushion for the inner part substantially as described.

2. A packing adapted to be placed within a stufling box encircling a shaft in the usual manner, said packing consisting of an elongated rectangular body presenting in cross section When within the stufling box an inner part disposed so as to engage directly against the shaft and an outer part radially beyond the inner part to engage directly against the annular wall of the stufling box, said two parts being connected together as an integral mass, the inner part extending the full width of the body and being made up throughout of alternate layers of relatively stiff and relatively resilient material, said layers extending obliquely through said inner part, and said outer part comprising similar alternate layers extending parallel to the inner and outer faces of the packing said outer part also extending the full Width of the body and being of a substantially uniformly resilient character throughout its Width adapting it to serve as a cushion for the inner part substantially as set forth.

3. A packing adapted to be placed within a stuffing box and encircling a shaft in the usual manner, said packing consisting of an elongated rectangular body presenting in cross section when Within the stuffing box an inner part disposed so as to engage directly against the shaft and an outer part radially beyond the inner part to engage directly against the annular wall of the stuffing box said two parts being connected together as an integral mass, the inner part extending the full width of the body and being made up throughout of alternate layers of relatively stiff and relatively resilient material said layers extending obliquely through the inner part and consisting of an intermediate group and opposite corner forming groups the layers of the intermediate group extending uninterruptedly through the inner part from the surface which engages the shaft to the outer surface of the inner part which engages the inner surface of the outer part, the layers of the corner forming groups being of successively decreasing size outwardly away from the intermediate group, and the outer part also extending the full width of the body and being of a substantially uniformly resilient character throughout its width adapted to serve as a cushion for the inner part substantially as set forth.

4. A packing made up in strip form and adapted to be placed in a stuffing box in po sition encircling a shaft in the usual manner so that a plurality of layers or sections of the strip lie side by side along the length of the stuffing box, and said strip being of a construction such that the several layers thereof along the length of the stuffing box present in cross section alternate groups of broken and unbroken laminze disposed to extend obliquely outwardly from the shaft and a series of cushions one for each group of unbroken laminae, the groups of unbroken laminae being disposed to directly engage the shaft, the cushions being disposed radially beyond the groups of broken and unbroken laminae and directly engaging the annular wall of the stufling box, and said cushions consisting of alternate layers of relatively stifl and relatively resilient material all of which are arranged normally parallel with the outer wall of the stuffing box throughout the length of the stuffing box.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

NORMAN B. MILLER. 

